Mike Holt Enterprises Electrical News Source

Electric Shock Drowning - Update 2021

Mike Holt

Electrical safety is our key concern and I'm always looking out for information that will help keep the industry safe. Every year Electric Shock Drowning claims several new victims. As the summer approaches and people start taking to their boats and boat docks, it's important to remind you of the hidden dangers. It's our responsibility, especially as electricians, to do our part in educating the public to help keep families safe around lakes and marinas.


Captain David Rifkin (USN, Ret.) plays an active role in spreading the awareness of Electric Shock Drowning, and is the contributor of this annual report. Click here for his updated list of ESD incidents which added several deaths and a number of "near misses" to the list. Here is his message:
Below is a comment on ground fault protection use in marinas, based on real cases studied.

We are finding more frequently that marina operators are opting to accept the grandfathering allowances of the NEC. This is resulting in current electrical systems not meeting the highest levels risk reduction from electric shock in the marina environment. In fact, a number of marina operators installed ground fault protection (GFP) on their docks only to be overwhelmed by customer complaints that their supply breakers were tripping. In a number of cases, the marina simply removed the ground fault equipment to placate their customers.

But the GFPs were tripping for a reason. There were electrical faults that represented a danger to people using the marina facilities. These dangers include touch voltages which can be lethal, or electrical currents in the water that can kill if a person ends up in the water near an electrical fault.

And in other cases, the specification for a renovation or a new installation required compliance with the most recently adopted version of the NEC, and this version required installation of ground fault equipment in the marina. But the installation ended up without GFP for one reason or another. Was there a permitting requirement that was overlooked? Did the inspector not check this when doing the permitting inspection? We have examples of both of these, revealed after a serious accident occurred some time later.

Bottom line: Ground Fault Protection saves lives. Just think about how many people we would have lost had GFCIs never been invented or installed to the great extent required by the current NEC. And we have lost many lives in the absence of available ground fault protection for marinas and private docks. In our opinion there is no excuse for not keeping up with industry standards of risk reduction in any area of business, even if not required by law. David Rifkin

For additional information:

Comments
  • Does a 220 Volt 50 amp outlet on a dock need to be gfci protected?

    Len Warren  May 22 2021, 3:50 pm EDT
    Reply to this comment
  • Reply from: Mike Holt   May 24 2021, 2:15 pm EDT
    See NEC 210.8 for GFCI protection requirements for outside receptacles.
    Reply to Mike Holt


  • How much of these problems with GFCI protection comes from issues on the boats. that is were the enforcement is needed

    Curt  May 4 2021, 10:44 am EDT
    Reply to this comment
  • Reply from: David Rifkin   May 4 2021, 8:24 pm EDT
    The NEC allows for ground fault protection up to 30ma trip for the breaker supplying power to boats. GFCIs are permitted since they trip nominally at 5ma. Problem with GFCIs in this role is there will be nuisance tripping that you shouldn't see at 30ma trip level.

    If there is a trip at 30ma, then there is an electrical problem that must be resolved. These are usually found on the boats themselves.

    Our research shows that ESD accidents are caused about 50-50 between boat systems and marina electrical systems. Understand that ground fault protection devices can only react to faults downstream. So if there is no detection upstream there will be no trips. This is why the NEC requires ground fault protection on feeder breakers to not exceed 100ma.

    And nothing stops a marina from ground fault protecting their entire electrical distribution system. The Code is a set of minimum requirements. Doing better only reduces the risks of electrical accidents on docks and in marinas even further.
    Reply to David Rifkin


  • How much of these problems with GFCI protection comes from issues on the boats. that is were the enforcement is needed

    Curt  May 4 2021, 10:43 am EDT
    Reply to this comment


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